1 December 25, 2020
Articles
1. Dmytro V. Kudinov
«To Acquaint the Population with Improved Local Agricultural Products»: on the History of the First Agricultural Exhibition in Sumy
Gardarika, 2020, 7(1): 3-18
Number of views: 348 Download in PDF
2. Evgenij M. OsadchijGardarika, 2020, 7(1): 3-18
Abstract:
The study is devoted to the organization and holding of the Sumy agricultural and handicraft fair-exhibition in 1895. Clarification and characterization of the features of its arrangement is the purpose of the publication. The main set of sources is indicated (documents of the State Archives of the Sumy region; magazines and reports of the Sumy District Zemstvo Assembly; the report of the exhibition management committee; the press materials). The author emphasized the necessity to consider the agrarian forum in Sumy in the context of the all-Russian exhibition process, which the residents of the Sumy district were involved in both before the organization of the exhibition in Sumy and later on. It is clarified that the development of the exhibition activity was promoted by the growth of agricultural marketability, the spread of purely capitalist forms of organization in agriculture. It is indicated that the choice of Sumy by the Kharkiv Agricultural Society as a venue for a major regional exhibition is not accidental. This was preceded by both a general success of the development on a progressive basis of large landowner farms associated with industrial production, as well as the successful participation of Sumy residents in such events before and, what is important, the responsible attitude of Sumy zemstvo to the question of agricultural development. It was found that despite the risks associated with insufficient funds, shortage of time and lack of experience in holding such events, the exhibition management committee, which consisted mainly of zemstvo representatives and some major owners in the county, managed to organize and present the agrarian forum at a fairly high level, which was pleasantly noted by the correspondents of the newspaper «Juzhnyi Krai». The main exhibitors in terms of the number of presented materials were the leading agricultural and industrial producers of the region – the Kharitonenko, the Leshchinsky and Countess Stroganova, who outshone small private entrepreneurs and farmers. Another feature of the Sumy exhibition was the apathy towards the event from local handicraftsmen (so, the handicraft industry was mostly represented by guests craftsmen, especially from Kharkiv) and the scantiness of the peasant exhibits. This event served as an assessment of the real state of the agricultural sector, where successful agricultural businesses, unprofitable economies of the nobles and a land-poor peasant farms coexisted. It is proved that the Sumy exhibition of 1895 stimulated the further wide participation of Sumy agrarians in expositions and became a kind of rehearsal for the successful exhibiting of their products at the World Exhibition in Paris.
The study is devoted to the organization and holding of the Sumy agricultural and handicraft fair-exhibition in 1895. Clarification and characterization of the features of its arrangement is the purpose of the publication. The main set of sources is indicated (documents of the State Archives of the Sumy region; magazines and reports of the Sumy District Zemstvo Assembly; the report of the exhibition management committee; the press materials). The author emphasized the necessity to consider the agrarian forum in Sumy in the context of the all-Russian exhibition process, which the residents of the Sumy district were involved in both before the organization of the exhibition in Sumy and later on. It is clarified that the development of the exhibition activity was promoted by the growth of agricultural marketability, the spread of purely capitalist forms of organization in agriculture. It is indicated that the choice of Sumy by the Kharkiv Agricultural Society as a venue for a major regional exhibition is not accidental. This was preceded by both a general success of the development on a progressive basis of large landowner farms associated with industrial production, as well as the successful participation of Sumy residents in such events before and, what is important, the responsible attitude of Sumy zemstvo to the question of agricultural development. It was found that despite the risks associated with insufficient funds, shortage of time and lack of experience in holding such events, the exhibition management committee, which consisted mainly of zemstvo representatives and some major owners in the county, managed to organize and present the agrarian forum at a fairly high level, which was pleasantly noted by the correspondents of the newspaper «Juzhnyi Krai». The main exhibitors in terms of the number of presented materials were the leading agricultural and industrial producers of the region – the Kharitonenko, the Leshchinsky and Countess Stroganova, who outshone small private entrepreneurs and farmers. Another feature of the Sumy exhibition was the apathy towards the event from local handicraftsmen (so, the handicraft industry was mostly represented by guests craftsmen, especially from Kharkiv) and the scantiness of the peasant exhibits. This event served as an assessment of the real state of the agricultural sector, where successful agricultural businesses, unprofitable economies of the nobles and a land-poor peasant farms coexisted. It is proved that the Sumy exhibition of 1895 stimulated the further wide participation of Sumy agrarians in expositions and became a kind of rehearsal for the successful exhibiting of their products at the World Exhibition in Paris.
Number of views: 348 Download in PDF
Chronicle of Utechkov Town
Gardarika, 2020, 7(1): 19-26.
Number of views: 338 Download in PDF
3. Gardarika, 2020, 7(1): 19-26.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the localization of the chronicle city of Uteshkov. For a long time this settlement was on the list of cities, which were difficult to localize due to the lack of mention of its location. The emergence of the city of Uteshkov dates back to ancient Russian times. It was first mentioned in the Resurrection Chronicle. The emergence of the settlement of Uteshkov is associated with the development of the Putivl appanage reign of the XII – XIII centuries. According to archeological data, its appearance dates back to the second half of the XII century, and its destruction by the Mongol invasion. Later in the documents of the 15th – 17th centuries there is data only about the Uteshkovskaya volost. Based on the analysis of the documents and the results of archaeological research, it can be assumed that the chronicle city of Uteshkov was located on the right bank of the Tern River, near the cities of Zarty, Popash and Vyakhan. This small settlement was located in the interfluve of the Sula and the Seim rivers, surrounded by more significant border fortresses of the XII – XIII centuries. After the Mongol invasion of the middle of the 13th century, these cities were burned down and abandoned by the inhabitants. As part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the unsettled territories of the left bank of the Dnieper were divided into volosts, the centers of which were the fortifications of the destroyed Old Russian cities. They were the centers of possessions that were given to the Kiev and Zhitomir boyars every year. After 1500, Putivl and the surrounding lands were captured by the Muscovy, but the division into volosts and their names were preserved. In the future, the unpopulated area between the Sula and the Seim was included in the Putivl district and until the middle of the 17th century is referred to as the Uteshkovsky volost.
The article is devoted to the localization of the chronicle city of Uteshkov. For a long time this settlement was on the list of cities, which were difficult to localize due to the lack of mention of its location. The emergence of the city of Uteshkov dates back to ancient Russian times. It was first mentioned in the Resurrection Chronicle. The emergence of the settlement of Uteshkov is associated with the development of the Putivl appanage reign of the XII – XIII centuries. According to archeological data, its appearance dates back to the second half of the XII century, and its destruction by the Mongol invasion. Later in the documents of the 15th – 17th centuries there is data only about the Uteshkovskaya volost. Based on the analysis of the documents and the results of archaeological research, it can be assumed that the chronicle city of Uteshkov was located on the right bank of the Tern River, near the cities of Zarty, Popash and Vyakhan. This small settlement was located in the interfluve of the Sula and the Seim rivers, surrounded by more significant border fortresses of the XII – XIII centuries. After the Mongol invasion of the middle of the 13th century, these cities were burned down and abandoned by the inhabitants. As part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the unsettled territories of the left bank of the Dnieper were divided into volosts, the centers of which were the fortifications of the destroyed Old Russian cities. They were the centers of possessions that were given to the Kiev and Zhitomir boyars every year. After 1500, Putivl and the surrounding lands were captured by the Muscovy, but the division into volosts and their names were preserved. In the future, the unpopulated area between the Sula and the Seim was included in the Putivl district and until the middle of the 17th century is referred to as the Uteshkovsky volost.
Number of views: 338 Download in PDF