2 June 23, 2016
Articles and Statements
1. Alexei M. Avlasovich
Early Christian Burials of the Mogilev’s cities near Dnieper and Sozh
Gardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 76-85.
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2. Alexandr N. BondarGardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 76-85.
Abstract:
This article is dedicated to the first Christian burials, discovered in the archaeological researches of urban complexes at the territory of Mogilev near the rivers Dnieper and Sozh. In this region, the four early ground cemeteries were discovered and they date back approximately to the XII century. The authors note that the change in funeral rites in burial necropolises on the territory of Mogilev Dnieper and Sozh indicates the penetration of Christianity in this region at the end of X–beginning of XI century. At the same time, in the cities, the centers of the spread of a new religion, the ground of the cemetery is dated from not earlier the XII century. A likely explanation for this can be observed in the XI century tradition of burying the dead under the earthen embankment in nearby barrow cemeteries.
This article is dedicated to the first Christian burials, discovered in the archaeological researches of urban complexes at the territory of Mogilev near the rivers Dnieper and Sozh. In this region, the four early ground cemeteries were discovered and they date back approximately to the XII century. The authors note that the change in funeral rites in burial necropolises on the territory of Mogilev Dnieper and Sozh indicates the penetration of Christianity in this region at the end of X–beginning of XI century. At the same time, in the cities, the centers of the spread of a new religion, the ground of the cemetery is dated from not earlier the XII century. A likely explanation for this can be observed in the XI century tradition of burying the dead under the earthen embankment in nearby barrow cemeteries.
Number of views: 1696 Download in PDF
Thе Social-Topographic Structure of Town Kozeletz in 17 th – 19th centuries
Gardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 86-93.
Number of views: 1753 Download in PDF
3. Sergey I. DegtyarevGardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 86-93.
Abstract:
The article is devoted to the problems of formation of social and topographical structure of the town Kozeletz in 17th – 19th centuries. The date of occurrence of the town is authentically not known. In the middle of the 17th century it became a centesimal town of the Kyiv Regiment. In 1708 in Kozelets has been moved the administrative center of the Kyiv Regiment. It is very strongly influenced by its structure and fortifications. As a result, Kozelec less than a hundred years has turned from a small town in a big city with a developed topographic structure.
The article is devoted to the problems of formation of social and topographical structure of the town Kozeletz in 17th – 19th centuries. The date of occurrence of the town is authentically not known. In the middle of the 17th century it became a centesimal town of the Kyiv Regiment. In 1708 in Kozelets has been moved the administrative center of the Kyiv Regiment. It is very strongly influenced by its structure and fortifications. As a result, Kozelec less than a hundred years has turned from a small town in a big city with a developed topographic structure.
Number of views: 1753 Download in PDF
Materials for the History of the Human Settlements of «Baturyn county»: Hamlets (Selo) Kuren', Popovka, Guty and Staroe
Gardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 94-107.
Number of views: 1760 Download in PDF
4. Evgenij M. OsadchijGardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 94-107.
Abstract:
This work completes the publication of descriptions of human settlements of Baturyn county (uezd) in the Ukraine (Malorossia), which were presented to the last Ukrainian hetman Kirill Razumovsky by Empress Elizabeth (Elizaveta Petrovna) in 1760. The total number of donated villages, towns and villages in the county there were 21: Baturin, Velikii i Malyi Sambor, Altynovka, Koributov, Yur'evka, Koshara, Deptovka, Golyunka, Rubanka, Gorodishche, Bakhmach, Kuren', Podlipnoe, Popovka, Guty, Staroe, Obmachev, Novye Mliny, Velikoe Ustya, Korilsk. Now all these settlements are part of the Sumy and Chernihiv regions of Ukraine. Previously, they were owned by Menshikov. The disclosures of all these settlements were concentrated in the same document, dated as 1760, which is stored in Konotop museum. The author gives a description of the hamlets (selo) Kuren', Popovka, Guty and Staroe.
This work completes the publication of descriptions of human settlements of Baturyn county (uezd) in the Ukraine (Malorossia), which were presented to the last Ukrainian hetman Kirill Razumovsky by Empress Elizabeth (Elizaveta Petrovna) in 1760. The total number of donated villages, towns and villages in the county there were 21: Baturin, Velikii i Malyi Sambor, Altynovka, Koributov, Yur'evka, Koshara, Deptovka, Golyunka, Rubanka, Gorodishche, Bakhmach, Kuren', Podlipnoe, Popovka, Guty, Staroe, Obmachev, Novye Mliny, Velikoe Ustya, Korilsk. Now all these settlements are part of the Sumy and Chernihiv regions of Ukraine. Previously, they were owned by Menshikov. The disclosures of all these settlements were concentrated in the same document, dated as 1760, which is stored in Konotop museum. The author gives a description of the hamlets (selo) Kuren', Popovka, Guty and Staroe.
Number of views: 1760 Download in PDF
Glinsk Fortress in the X-XVIII centuries
Gardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 108-121.
Number of views: 1782 Download in PDF
5. Wolodymyr M. Pylypenko Gardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 108-121.
Abstract:
The history of Glinsk fortress occupies an important place in the history of the Promises. It was built by northerners on the border with the nomadic world. The fortress was almost seven centuries remained a frontier Outpost of Kievan Rus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Muscovite state, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The greatest prosperity reaches Glinsk in the XVII century when the princes Vyshnevetsky and later, in the composition of the Lubny regiment. The fortress of the city Glinsk developed and modernized depending on the fortification requirements. The article examines the history of fortress fortification in the town of Glinsk. On the basis of written and cartographic sources recreated image of the fortress of ancient time period, the Commonwealth and New time period. Data of the fortress are submited in the context of the historical events that took place in the Upper Posullya and having an impact on the development of Glinsk fortification fortress.
The history of Glinsk fortress occupies an important place in the history of the Promises. It was built by northerners on the border with the nomadic world. The fortress was almost seven centuries remained a frontier Outpost of Kievan Rus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Muscovite state, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The greatest prosperity reaches Glinsk in the XVII century when the princes Vyshnevetsky and later, in the composition of the Lubny regiment. The fortress of the city Glinsk developed and modernized depending on the fortification requirements. The article examines the history of fortress fortification in the town of Glinsk. On the basis of written and cartographic sources recreated image of the fortress of ancient time period, the Commonwealth and New time period. Data of the fortress are submited in the context of the historical events that took place in the Upper Posullya and having an impact on the development of Glinsk fortification fortress.
Number of views: 1782 Download in PDF
The Image of Constantinople in Polish Literature of XVI-XVII centuries (part I)
Gardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 122-126.
Number of views: 1760 Download in PDF
6. Gardarika, 2016, Vol. (7), Is. 2, pp. 122-126.
Abstract:
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had difficult relations with the Ottoman Empire. The country often proclaimed its readiness to either begin the Great War against the Turks or join it. However, it tried to escape the war by all means. In a big amount of political literature dedicated to Turkey, which can be de divided into two groups according to the origin, one can find many descriptions of Istanbul, its topography and lifestyle. Some books written by witnesses (merchants, travelers, diplomats) are more objective, the characteristics – more precise, and full of details. Others belong to people who never visited Istanbul and retold somebody’s stories. They are not profound and full of stereotypes and toposes. Istanbul was depicted as a big city. Authors described mosques, but emphasized they used to be Christian churches trying to show the Christian past of the city. Many Christians (both slaves and free people) in Istanbul were mentioned. The Polish hoped for their support in case of war. Giving old and new names of Constantinople districts the writers knew the history very well. The authors were convinced in military weakness of Istanbul. According to their information, the city walls have never been fixed so it was easy to grab it. Istanbul and the Ottoman Empire used to be compared to dragon in its negative meaning. Polish publiсism shows the level of knowledge about the Ottoman Empire and we can distinguish between real facts and the author’s imagination.
The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth had difficult relations with the Ottoman Empire. The country often proclaimed its readiness to either begin the Great War against the Turks or join it. However, it tried to escape the war by all means. In a big amount of political literature dedicated to Turkey, which can be de divided into two groups according to the origin, one can find many descriptions of Istanbul, its topography and lifestyle. Some books written by witnesses (merchants, travelers, diplomats) are more objective, the characteristics – more precise, and full of details. Others belong to people who never visited Istanbul and retold somebody’s stories. They are not profound and full of stereotypes and toposes. Istanbul was depicted as a big city. Authors described mosques, but emphasized they used to be Christian churches trying to show the Christian past of the city. Many Christians (both slaves and free people) in Istanbul were mentioned. The Polish hoped for their support in case of war. Giving old and new names of Constantinople districts the writers knew the history very well. The authors were convinced in military weakness of Istanbul. According to their information, the city walls have never been fixed so it was easy to grab it. Istanbul and the Ottoman Empire used to be compared to dragon in its negative meaning. Polish publiсism shows the level of knowledge about the Ottoman Empire and we can distinguish between real facts and the author’s imagination.
Number of views: 1760 Download in PDF